Sicilian Genealogy
THE NOBLE FAMILIES SICIALIAN


The virtue of the Sicily is not only constituted from the imponenza of its landscapes, from the wealth of sacred and profane monuments, tourist patrimony and testimony of the lived historical events from the island, and the typical products like cheeses, the citruses, cakies and the jobs of the handicraft, but also from the social and historical importance of some noble families that a lot have contributed, for better or for worse, to construct to day after day the sicialian history.

Numerous they are the noble families sicialian that deserve the mention.

Part 1

The family Abbadelli or Abbatelli is original of Lucca and it transplants in Sicily nel 1237 thanks to Dulcio.
In the 1431 Giovanni it acquired from the Moncada the County of Cammarata.
He was titular, moreover, of the baronies of Pietra and Cefala.
Its son Federico obtained the title it of Conte di Cammarata in 1451.
A branch of such family is present to Catania where a nobiliare palace belonged to such family (Monastero of the Mercy is found subsequently) and that still of door the coat of arms, a field of black and rampante containing gold a grifo.

The family Abbate or Abbati derives from Papyrus, a roman knight who left its possedimenti the son in order to withdraw themselves in a monastero; to the dead women of the son, than it did not have eredi, Papyrus leaves the dress to talare and takes moglie.
From the use to call its sons "of the abbate ones here".
Between the representatives of such family whom they had contacts with the Sicily are remembered:
? Enrico, treasurer of the emperor Federico II;
? S. Alberto friar, exponent of the order of the Carmelo Mount;
? Ignazio Vincenzo, owner of the title it of marquis of Longarini.

The Abriguano family arrives in Sicily at the beginning of 1300.
Between the greater exponents of such family they are remembered:
? Social loaded important Maurizio, holder to Bottoming drills;
? Francisco, captain xecutioner;
? Enrico I, titular of the barony of Regalmuto;
? Enrico II, general vicario of crews in Val di Mazzara;
? Giuseppe, holder of the barony of You go up some of Bottoming drills.

The family Adam is of Lombardic origin and it transplants in Sicily thanks to the condottiero Childeberto.
Between its greater representatives they can be cited:
? Antonio, conservative of the R. Patrimonio Promastro Xecutioner of the Reign;
? Celestria, fondatrice of the monastero of women of Caltagirone;
? Giacomo, gerosolmitano knight.

The family Agliata or Alliata boasts representatives in Greece, France and in Italy.
The family moves itself in Sicily in 1300 when it leaves Pisa in order to escape to the persecutions of the Visconti.
Between its greater representatives Filippone can be cited from which the principles of Villafranca and the barons Only derive.
Such family titular of was varied and important charges be them as those of president, general, pretore vicario and senator.
Some its representatives were knights of Malta, Calatrava, S. Gennaro.
It finds itself currently to Palermo and it has been subdivided in three distinguished coppers, that one of the principles of Villafranca and duchi of Salaparuta, that one of duchi of Saponara and the that one of the duchi of Pietretagliate.

The family Bitter is original of the trapanese.
Between its greater exponents they are remembered:
? Leonardo, provveditore of real the palace to the time of Federico III;
? Filippo, previous son of and the titular one of the feudo of Gibilvasili re-entering in the territory of Salemi;
? Giacomo, holder of the barony of Marineo and Risalaimi;
? Antonio, holder of the feudi of On, Ficuzza and Casaliccio.
? Emerico, brother of the previous one, illustrious philosopher, statesman and criminal attorney of XIX the numerous century and holder of and illustrious charges, like that one of university professor of criminal law to Palermo and vice president of the house of common of Sicily in 1848.

The Loved family is of Spanish origin and arrives in Sicily to the time of Peter of Aragon, exactly in 1282.
Its first famous representatives are Bernardo and Pagano that for their merits and services they obtained of the feudi and the relationship with the family Peralta di Caltabellotta.
Between its greater representatives they distinguish themselves:
? Giovanni, baron of Zaffuti;
? Tommaso, holder of several feudi to Messina;
? Filippo, in order very three times senator, deputy of the reign and captain of justice, prince of Galati and holder of the barony of We hunt.

The Ansaldi family of Palermo is original of Nicosia.
Such family separates itself in two distinguished coppers:
? the first one is present to Castrogiovanni and Mazzarino and is extinguished in the noble family Grimaldi di Geracello;
? according to branch it remains to Nicosia; between its exponents remember Giovanni, marquis of Spataro, husband of nobildonna the Carolina Ventimiglia of the principles of Grammonte.

The Ansalone family draws origin from Ladislao, knight of the Pannonia and governor of Messina.
It boasts between its numerous exponents senators in Messina and knights of Malta and from they derive the principles of Roccacolomba and the duchi of the Real Mountain.
Between such exponents they remember themselves:
? Been born them, one of the supporters of the War of the Vespro, holder of the charges of main xecutioner and captain of army;
? Peter, economist and holder of the castle of Comiso;
? Bonsignore II, holder of the barony of Fimedinnisi;
? Ascanio, holder of the baronial earth of the Real Mountain and feudo the Market of Rocca, of which it was first duca for concession direction; it covered also other charges as those of master ration them of real the patrimony and was also first marquis of Sorrentino.

The family Arena previews two ramifications.
The messinese branch regards the getlteman of Messina, Caltagirone and Lentini and boasts one tightened tie with the barons of Montechiaro and Roccadore. The family adds according to last name not less illustrious than that one already possessed becoming therefore Arena-Primo.
The palermitano branch boasts illustrious personalities like Federico, holder of numerous judicial charges, First consultore of the King for the transactions of Sicily and Councilman Decano of the Real Council of Chiara Saint of Naples.
Its eredi were Giuseppe, from the diamond career in the magistracy, and Elisabetta, moglie of Carl Mortillaro baron of the Cyanide.

The Ascenso family has one ancient history.
The first exponent of such family that it has of the contacts with the Sicily was Giovanni, the gentiluomo Catalan who in the 1283 oed in Sicily with the assignment of waiter of the infant Federico.
Between the others illustrious exponents of such family can be cited:
? Matteo II, knight and sworne judge of Girgenti;
? Stefano, governor of the peasantry of Modica where it was settled down with its family;
? Peter, holder of the feudo of Rosalia Saint in Val di Noto.

The family Balsam is of Lombardic origin and it transplants itself in Sicily in XII the century, just to Messina, work of Maurizio Balsam.
Between its greater representatives they are had:
? Giacomo, to the service of the king Ferdinand the catholic and several owner of titles them like captain of arms of Milazzo, general vicario, getlteman of the city of Taormina and its country houses;
? Peter, marquis of the Limina, knight of Saint Giacomo of the Sword and straricoto of Messina;
? Francisco Viperino, prince of Resuttana, senator and then mayor of Messina.

The Barrese family is of French origin and arrives in Sicily to work of Abbo (to the continuation of the Conte Ruggero).
Between the others, they are remembered:
? Arcibao, governor of Messina;
? Tommaso, holder of the ducato one of Castrovillari in Calabria and of the peasantry of Terranova;
? Peter, prince of Pietraperzia, first marquis of Barrafranca and general vicario of Catania and Siracusa.

The nobleman and ancient Beccadelli family develop themselves to Palermo at the beginning of 1300 to work of Vannin.
Such family boasts illustrious representatives of the bore of:
? Antonio the Panormita, philosopher, holder of numerous charges and feudi;
? Simone, archbishop of Palermo;
? Giovanni, captain of Palermo and master ration them of the court de r. patrimony;
? Francisco, baron of Altavilla and first marquis of such state;
? Owner and, Peter's son previous of the title it of prince of Camporeale and of the marchesato one of the Sambuca.

The family Benedict boasts illustrious representatives of the bore of:
? Andrea, notary public to Palermo in 1282;
? Andrea II, gentiluomo of Ferdinand II and governor of the cavalry direction.
From a book of memories that regards such family evince that one of pisani coppers of the aforesaid one is moved to Palermo in XIV the century.

The Beneventano family, seems, derives from the noble Orsini family of numerous Rome and has given the NATO them dogi veneziani.
It moves itself in Sicily to work of Matteo Orsileo that was to the continuation of the infant Federico.
Its representatives, possesori of several titles them, were barons of the Court, the noble Forest and Schifano and also of Siracusa, Lentini, Modica and barons of the Court.

The noble Benincasa family is between the most illustrious baronial families than Messina.
It subdivides itself in two coppers: the first one remains and it is developed in Sicily and the second it is moved to Bologna, Perugina, Prato and Siena.
Between its greater representatives they are remembered:
? Pier Lion, secretary of the emperor Federico II;
? Giovan Corrado, secretary of Corrado emperor and councilman of the king Manfredi;
? Eustachio, combatant valoroso.

The Bonaiuto family boasts folta a formation of accounts and its exponents have covered loaded illustrious.
Between these last ones they distinguish themselves:
? Giovanni, holder of lands of Melilli;
? Antonio, previous brother of and the titular one of the castle and the feudo of Dare;
? Fra Francisco, gerosolmitano knight and admiral.

The Bonanno family receives the principles of Linguaglossa, the Barons of Greater and Delia, the Principles of the Catholic, the duchi of Montalbano, the line of the Duchi di Castellana, the line of the principles of Linguaglossa, numerous preTauruses, gerosolmitani senators and knights.
From such family other lines are circulated, like that one of the Barons of Polino di Caltagirone and of the Bonanno barons of Siracusa.
It draws its origins from Pisa but it moves in Sicily to work of Giangiacomo and Cesar that left their city born them in order to go away from the contrasts with one local family.
Between its greater representatives they are remembered:
? Giacomo I, vicario general of Naro;
? Giacomo II, general vicario of the reign;
? Roman Column, baron of first Canicatti and duca of Montalbano;
? Peter, first prince of Roccafiorita and baron of Castellamare of the Gulf;
? Orazio Bonanno and Gioeni, first owner of the title it of principles of Linguaglossa, let alone baron of Ravanusa Carrancino and Belvedere.

The Bonfiglio family boasts titoloni the Barons of Carmito.
From the German origins, the family has innumerevoli contacts with Italy.
First to move itself in Sicily they were Filiberto and Ladislao.
Between its greater representatives they are remembered:
? Ludovico, holder of the Castellania di Lentini and general treasurer;
? Defender and, Nicolo's son previous of Augusta against the Angioini;
? Filippo, first holder of the barony of Condro;
? Gianfilippo, first holder of the barony of Gatteri.

The Bonomo family is original of Trieste and it is circulated in several Italian cities.
It moves itself in Sicily to work of Scipione that made numerous purchases in the territory of Nicosia.
Between the others exponents of such family are remembered:
? Antonino, carried its family to Policies;
? Giuseppe, first marquis of the Country house of Catania.

The Borgia family Clearly boasts between its representatives the principles, the marquises of the Country house and several illustrious personages of the bore of i Papi Callisto III and Alexander IV.
She subdivides herself in several coppers, one of which moves itself in Sicily.
Between the greater representatives of such branch they are distinguished:
? Guglielmo; gentiluomo of the king Martino, it received of feudi present in the territory of Lentini and a present country house in the territory of Famous;
? Fra Giuseppe, gerosolmitano knight.

The Branciforte family arrives in Sicily to work of Guglielmo to the time of the king Federico II.
Between the greater exponents they are remembered:
? Raffaele, holder of the castle and the city of Public square; it obtained the possession of feudo of Grassuliato and the feudi of Condro and Gatto;
? Tommaso, holder of the county of Mazzarrino;
? Storm Fabrizio, prince, marquis of Militello and prince of Pietraperzia;
? Imara, fondatrice of the monastero of the Stimmate to Palermo destroyed on ending of 1800;
? Salvatore, prince of Butera and councilman of state.

The Busacca family has noble French origins and it is moved to Messina.
Between the illustrious names they can be cited:
? Michele, fiscal lawyer;
? Michele II, first marquis of Gallidoro;
? Michele III, illustrious scientist;
? Carl, marquis of Gallidoro.

The Caetano family divides between Naples and the Sicily.
In this last case she boasts illustrious representatives like several gerosolmitani knights and important men of the bore of:
? Peter, president of the titular reign because of the feudi Clearly, Dirillo, Calatabiano and Tripi;
? Peter II, baron of Cassaro in 1619;
? Cesar, first marquis of Sortino and first prince of Cassaro at the beginning of 1600.

The family Field transplants itself in Sicily to work of Federico, holder of the lordship of Caltabellotta and Bivona.
It can boast illustrious possessory important exponents tito them like those of captain xecutioner and senator, let alone it varies possedimenti to you.

The nobleman, Catalan Cannizzaro family transplants itself in Sicily to work of Tommaso that Peter like prize for its obtained castellania of Terranova from king servigi.
Between its representatives they are remembered:
? Bernardo, holder of some lands in Catalabiano;
? Giovanni, juror of Famous;
? Mario, holder of the office of resisting near the king.

The Most expensive family is of from Bologna origin and arrives in Sicily to work of Pascotto in the first half of 1400.
A branch of such family is moved to Bottoming drills where it is interested, between the other, of the edificazione of the Church of S. Caterina.
Its exponents have been titular of numerous lands like the baronies in the islands of Favignana, Levanzo and Marittimo and the feudo of S. Ippolito.

The Carretto family arrives Clearly in Sicily in 1269 thanks to the wedding between Antonio and Costanza that door in dowry the baronies of Calatabiano and Ragalmuto.
They are remembered, between the others:
? Girolamo, first conte of Ragalmuto;
? Alteramo 2, conte of Gagliano;
? Giovanni 2, conte of Ragalmuto.

The family Castles, original of the Franconia, previews 9 scattered coppers very all Italy.
Such family makes three passages succeeded to you in the island interesting the cities of Catania, Messina and Palermo.
Between its greater representatives they are remembered:
? Gregorio, holder of the county of Gagliano, the marchesati ones of Capizzi and Motta, of the barony of Durilli and the lordships of Mistretta and Risitano;
? Lancillotto, first prince of Castelferrato, master rations them of real the patrimony and pretore of Palermo;
? Bartolomeo, bishop of Mazzara and deputy of the reign;
? Gioacchino, bishop of Cefalu.

The nobleman, Spanish Castillo family arrives in Sicily to work of Baldassarre, military living towards the second half of 1500 that was settled down to Palermo.
It divides itself in two coppers, what it regards the marquises of S. Isidoro and what regards the marquises of S. Onofrio.
Between the greater exponents of such family they are remembered:
? Baldassarre II, captain of infanteria;
? Giuseppe, senator to Palermo.

The Celestial family distributes itself on several sicialian cities like Famous, Modica, Catania and Palermo.
She boasts numerous possessory illustrious exponents of tito them important, like that one of marquis, and tito governed them to you, between which:
? Peter, exponent of the branch of Famous, straticoto of Messina in the 1458 and titular one of the inferior castle of Famous;
? Giovanni, exponent of the catanese branch and captain;
? Peter, knight of S. Giacomo of the Sword and pretore to Palermo in 1611;
? Giambattista, marquis and governor of the mount of mercy of Palermo in 1643.

The Cordova family is of Spanish origin and boasts illustrious personalities of the bore of cardinals, bishops, knights of the Toson of gold, of Alcantara, gerosolmitani, let alone ambassadors, vicere and governors.
It moves itself in Sicily, just to Palermo, work of Francisco to the beginning of 1500.
Its descendants have been knights of Saint Giacomo of the Sword, senators, notari, governing masters of the Mount of Mercy.

The family Cottu or Cotta transplants itself in Sicily around to XVI the century.
Between its greater exponents they are remembered:
? Giovanni, holder of the state and barony of Madore, near Sciacca, let alone first marquis of Roccaforte;
? Gianfrancesco, mecenate of the Fine Arts;
? Gerosolmitano knight and, Giovanni son previous;
? Lorenzo, marquis of Roccaforte, baron of the Godrano and the Madore and deputy of the Italian parliament which representative of the city of Palermo.

Part 2
SICIALIAN FAMILIES NOBILIARI

The sicialian, composed aristocracy from illustrious families, has contributed to increase the historical and cultural importance of the island.
Its history has seen is made alternate, beginning from that svevo-angioina that saw the crashs between the feudatari, and that Spanish who saw a new process feudale.
The sicialian nobility begins to decay between the end of the XVII and the beginning of XVIII the century.

The family Tooth, original of the ravennato one, arrives in Sicily to work of Alberto towards the first half of 1200.
Between its greater exponents they are remembered:
? Giacomo, owner of varies to you tito them like baron of Laneri and first minister;
? Vincenzo, first duca of Piraino and judge of the court of Messina, the Concistoro and the Great Court;
? Gregorio, first prince of Castellazzo and deputy of the reign.

The Diblasi family is original of the trapanese.
Between its illustrious names they can be cited:
? Peter I, vicario of the city of Salemi;
? Giuseppe, baron of Salt;
? Gabriel, cassinese Abbot and archbishop of Messina;
? Vincenzo, governor of the mercy mount;
? Giovanni, Abbot, man of letters and author of books.

The nobleman, palermitana family I dredge boasts illustrious representatives of the bore of:
? George, living to the time of Federico II and holder of the castellania of Caccamo;
? Biagio, master rations them of real the patrimony;
? Casimiro, first marquis of this family;
? Bicomfort II, marquis, let alone baron of the Scannatura di Trapani and governor of the mount of mercy of Palermo.

The noble family Emmanuele or Manuel is original of Castile and arrives in Sicily to work of Coraldo Rodolfo to the time of king Peter of Aragon. It was titular of the feudo of the Bugio or Burgetto.
The family distributes itself very soon in numerous cities isolates some like Palermo and Salemi.
Between its illustrious personalities they are remembered:
? Coraldo II, from which it comes down the casato one of Bottoming drills, holder of the barony of the feudo of Culcasi and Mangiadaini near Salemi;
? Francisco, straricoto of Messina;
? Benedict, holder of the castle of Mazzara and the barony of the Merca and marquis of Villabianca;
? Francisco Maria, marquis of Villabianca and conte of Belforte.

The family Falcon arrives in Sicily to work of Ettore around to year 1000.
The messinese stock of such family possessed innumerevoli lands like those to Cerami, Comiso, Camastra and the Barony of Samperi.
Between its greater exponents they can be cited:
? Tommaso, diffuse the family in Sicily;
? Federico, knight and oratore;
? Melchiorre, senator of Messina.

The Fardella family is of trapanese origin and such sicialian stock drift from Corrado.
Between the others its members, can be cited:
? Umfrido, mandate in Sicily from Federico II in order to control the restructure of Augusta; he was also xecutioner in the Val di Noto;
? Alberto, governor of Siracusa;
? Antonio, vice-almirante and regal xecutioner;
? Lanzone, owner of numerous tito them like that one of regal milite and regal credenziere to Bottoming drills;
? Michele, regal gistiziere for the city of Bottoming drills.
The family previews also other coppers, like that one of the principles of Paceco and the marquises of S. Lorenzo, that one of the marquises of Torrearsa, that one of the barons of the Ripa.

The Ferreri family is original of Valence and arrives to Sciacca to work of Ferrerio to the end of 1300.
It left its assets the Mariano grandson whom he obtained, moreover, the barony of Pettineo and the lordship of Calamonaci and Favara.
Serene, the daughter of this last one, distinguished itself for beneficial works like the edificazione of a hospital for the sick incurabili.
Between the others exponents of such family, finally, remember Antonio, holder of the feudo of Ristrella.

The family Iron is original of the Fiandra.
It arrives in Sicily thanks to the siblings Stefano and Giovanni that in the 1060 followed in the island the Conte Ruggero.
Stefano was bishop of Mazzara and Giovanni straticoto of Messina.
Between the others exponents of such family are remembered:
? Silurnio, holder of the castle and lands of Caltanissetta;
? Giovanni, getlteman of Castellamare of the Gulf;
? Bernardo XVII, baron of Fiumegrande.

The Frangipane family arrives in Sicily in 1130 to work of Massenzio.
Between the more illustrious names they are had:
? Nicolo, holder of numerous possedimenti near Castelvetrano;
? Antonino, military in the Val di Mazzara at the beginning of 1600 and subsequently of all the reign;
? Girolamo 2?, baron of Regalbuto;
? Angel, baron of Regalbuto and senator of Licata;
? Giovanbattista, marquis of S. Croce;
? Rosary, master rations them of real the patrimony.

The Galluppi family is between noblest and ancient of the Calabria.
A branch of such family moves from Tropea in Sicily in XVI the century to work of the baron of Joppolo Cesar.
Such branch previews numerous and valid condottieri, to leave give it same Cesar who was captain corazzieri goddesses del king Filippo II of Spain.
Such branch is moved very soon to S. Lucia from where others are circulated two under-coppers:
1) the branch of the barons of Cirella, nearly extinguished;
2) the branch of the barons of Pancaldo, those who brought back the family to Messina.

The Garofalo family is original of the Catalogna and has innumerevoli contacts with the Sicily.
In effects, it is necessary to remember:
? Arnaldo, thought noble citizen of Palermo in 1342;
? Onorio, son of the previous one, senator of the same city for approximately 5 years;
? Michele, resident to Messina and against the rebellious ones of such city;
? Onorio II, senator of Palermo;
? Onorio III, general vicario of Catania;
? Tommaso, first duca of Rebutone in the second half of 1600;
? Vincenzo, previous, governing descendant of of the White men of Palermo and the captain xecutioner of the same city;
? Tommaso II, son of previous and the knight of S. Giacomo of the Sword.

The Giardina family seems draws its origin from Luigi Arias, first holder of the barony and the title it of marquis of S. Ninfa at the beginning of 1600. It was also governor of the Mount of Mercy of Palermo.
Between the others illustrious exponents are remembered:
? Simone I, governing of the Company of the Charity of Palermo;
? Simone II, governor of the company of the Peace, captain xecutioner of Palermo and finally prince of Monteleone;
? Luigi Gerald, heir of the possedimenti of the family and also of the state and the earth of Ficarazzi and governor of the Company of the Peace of Palermo.

The Giarrizzo family is present to Palermo.
Between its greater exponents Francisco Giarrizzo di Pietraperzia remembers itself, citizen and senator of Palermo.
From deirvano it the barons of Rincione from the which drivano those of S. Caterina and Spataro di Mazzarino and those of Casalvecchio di Calascibetta.
Finally it is necessary to remember marquises Giarrizzo di Caltagirone.

The family Giovanni or Of Giovanni is diffused in Greece and Italy. She has had innumerevoli contacts with the Sicily.
A first branch of such family previews like greater representatives:
? Giovanni; he moves himself to Messina in order to follow the king Peter of alagona;
? Andrea, holder of the feudo of Alfano;
? Domenico, first prince of Trecastagne towards the second half of 1600.
According to branch of this family it is represented from the duchi of Saponara between which they are distinguished:
? Vincenzo, knight of Saint Giacomo to the sword;
? Domenico, governor of the Company of the SS. Apostles of Messina;
? Vincenzo II, holder of the principati ones of Castelbianco and Ucria.
A third party and minor branch of such family are found to Palermo.

The noble family Graffeo or Grifeo finds its origins from one family of Greek emperors.
The family has lived mostly to Palermo.
Its main stock previews, between the several illustrious personalities:
? Ugone, straricoto of Messina;
? Giovanni II, first baron of Partanna;
? Guglielmo Giovanni, bishop of Lipari and then of Pacts;
? Guglielmo II, first prince of Partanna;
? Girolamo, deputy of the reign, captain xecutioner and pretore to Palermo;
? Girolamo II, captain xecutioner, pretore, gentiluomo of room;
? Vincenzo, re-united numerous tito them like that one of gentiluomo of room and councilman of state.
The family previews others two smaller coppers:
1) Marquises di Regiovanni and Principi di Gangi, branch inglobato from the Valguarnera house;
2) a Neapolitan branch represented from Benedict Reggio prince of the Chain and from the Conte Benedict Grifeo and Moncada.

The Gravina family comes down from the principles normanni.
Several present E' in Sicily with coppers.
The first branch is that one of the principles of Palagonia and marquises of Frankfurt.
In such branch illustrious personalities of the bore were distinguished of:
? Girolamo, baron of Palagonia and first marquis of Frankfurt, nonche vicario general of the reign;
? Ludovico, first prince of Palagonia;
? Francisco, several owner of titles them like that one of prince of Palagonia, knight of the Toson of gold, first president of the Supreme Council of Sicily;
? Ignazio, captain xecutioner, pretore of Palermo and knight of the S. Gennaro.
According to branch it is represented from the Duchi di S. Michele and the Principles of Montevago between which they are remembered:
? Giovanni I, baron of S. first Michele and duca of such state;
? Giovanni II, prince of Montevago and marquis of S. Elisabetta;
? Peter, cardinal archbishop of Palermo and knight of s. the Gennaro.
The third branch is represented from the Principles of Comitini and Altomonte, between which they can be cited:
? Michele, baron of Scordia Soprana and first prince of Comitini;
? Michele II, baron of Raimone;
? Michele III, captain xecutioner, pretore of Palermo, deputy of the reign;
? Giuseppe, gentiluomo of room, knight of the S. Gennaro and knight of the order of the Iron Crown of Austria.
The fourth branch is that one of the Principles of Ramacca, between which:
? Sancio, first prince of Ramacca;
? Ottavio, deputy of the reign.
The fifth branch of the Gravina family is represented from the Principles of Gravina.
Such branch derives from Girolamo, first marquis of Francofonte.
The sixth branch is composed from the Principles of Val di Savoja and the Barons of Armiggi. Such branch is present to Catania.
The seventh and last branch of such family is represented from the Duchi di Cruyllas.
Such branch is extinguished in Airoldi house.

The family Gregorio or Of Gregorio seems is born to Costantinopoli and it is transplanted to Messina.
Between its greater representatives they are remembered:
? Gregorio, judge of Messina at the beginning of 1300;
? Bordering, castellano of Matagrifone;
? Peter, judge, master notaro, protonotaro of the reign and general vicario of Sicily.
The family subdivides itself in more illustrious coppers:
? Marquises di Poggiogregorio;
? the Marquises of Go them Santoro and of Squillaci in Calabria;
? the Marquises of Gregorio of the S. R. The residents to Palermo.

The Grimaldi family is one of the four celebrates families of the Republic of Genoa.
It is scattered in Italy, France and Spain thanks to the fact that is subdivided in several coppers like that one of the principles of Monaco, of the principles of Gerace and Salerno, of the Grimaldi of Bologna, Carignano, Calabria and Sicily.
The family arrives in Sicily for before the time to work of Enrico Grimaldi, councilman of king Martino who obtained lands of Castrogiovanni, and just the regal Castle of such city of which it was made governor.
According to exponent of such family that arrives in the island in 1554 was Augustin, baron of S. Giovanni who established its family to Modica. It re-united varies tito them, as an example like the baronies of Serravalle and Delia.
To cite, still, Carl Grimaldi who obtained the title it of prince from the king Carl II to the end of 1600.
Between the other illustrious personages of such family they are remembered:
? Peter Andrea I, baron of S. Caterina;
? Peter Andrea II, first prince of S. Caterina;
? Francisco Grimaldi and Colonna, baron of Serravalle.

The Guttadauro family is of Spanish origin and arrives in Sicily to work of Egidio, milite to the service of King Martino.
Between its members they are remembered:
? Gian Vincenzo, to falconiere for king Martino and holder of the Castellania di Mineo;
? Enrico Giacomo, carried the family from Caltagirone to Catania;
? Monsignor Giovanni, bishop of Caltanissetta.

The family Impellizeri or Pellizzeri is born in Castile and Valence and arrives in Sicily to work of Antonio.
She boasts illustrious personalities of the bore of:
? Antonio II, settled down itself to Genoa and its sons moved to Modica with the title it of governors;
? Francisco, master rations them of the Regional Room;
? Tommaso, baron of S. Giacomo Belmineo and the Burgio, castellano of Famous;
? Antonio, marquis of Camporeale.

The family Emperor is of pisana origin and arrives to Palermo to the time of King Federico II to work of Giovanni.
The family collects illustrious personalities like, as an example:
? Senator and, Umbertino's holder feudo of Ficarazzi of Palermo;
? Senator and, Giovanni's son previous anch' he of the city of Palermo;
? Pompilio, captain xecutioner and pretore;
? Giulio Cesar, holder of some baronies like that one of Pellizzaro and more times senator.

The Ioppolo family is of Greek origin and it is transplanted to Catania to work of Antonio at the beginning of 1400.
Between its greater representatives they are remembered:
? Alfonso, holder of the castellania of Saint Filippo d' Aggiro;
? Diego, first duca of S. Antonio;
? Antonino Giuseppe, master rations them of r. the patrimony, captain xecutioner and pretore of Palermo

Part 3
NOBLE FAMILIES SICIALIAN

The nobiliari families that have moved themselves in Sicily and those of properly sicialian origin remarkablly contribute to the history of the island as an example thanks to the military and social enterprises of the own representatives and to their will to build up palaces and monasteri.
The titles nobiliari them have always had their importance and their fascination and often is seen like the acknowledgment, the attestation of particular virtues.

The family the Grua is of Catalan origin and arrives in Sicily thanks to Umbertino, living to the time of King Martino, baron of the castle of Palagonia and vicere in the Val di Mazzara.
Such family boasts innumerevoli illustrious personalities of the bore of:
? Antonio, previous brother of and the castellano one of Caltagirone;
? Giovanni, anch' he brother of Umbertino and great almirante of the reign;
? Vincenzo, first prince of Pretty, deputy of the reign and more times pretore than Palermo;
? Cesar, duca of Villareale and more times pretore than Palermo;
? Vincenzo II, holder of the Marchesato di Regalmiti and governor of the Mount of Mercy.

The Lanza family is between most ancient and boasts one Germanic descendancys.
Through a driven in net of weddings, it expands itself and prospers until XIX the century and boasts numerous tito them nobiliari and be them of the bore of stratigoto, vicere, captain xecutioner, baron, prince, minister state secretary, minister of the ecclesiastical transactions.
Between the numerous possedimenti of such family the baronial lands of Trabia are numbered also, Brolo and Mussomeli.
Between several the exponents of such family they are remembered:
? Corrado Nozzle, first exponent of such family and living in the eleventh century;
? Manfredi, living to the time in which the family Federico di Hohenstaufen is tied to the emperor;
? Corrado nozzle, living in XIII the century and that, with to other knights, it accompanied Peter III of Aragon in the disfida of Bordeaux;
? Galvano Nozzle, living in the 1250 councilman of emperor svevo Manfredi;
? Macalda Ladder Nozzle, living during the domination angiona in able Sicily and to buy back seized present lands to Ficarra; it consolidated its position with its second wedding with Alaimo from Lentini, one of the supporters of the war of vespro and with one the position privileged to the court of the king Peter; the two lost all their fortunes to cause with of the contrasts with the monarch: their lands were confiscated from the state treasury, Alaimo was killed and emprisoned Macalda.

The Landolina family arrives in Sicily to work of Rotlando, consanguineo of normanno the Ruggero that it gave to it loads with straticoto with Messina and the barony of Avola.
Between the illustrious exponents of such family they are remembered:
? George, son of the previous one, military diamond and straricoto of Messina;
? Giovanni, holder of innumerevoli possedimenti and, between the other, baron of Burgio, You go up of it and Cammaratini;
? Francisco, from which comes down the duchi of Verdura;
? Vincenzo, from which comes down the principles of Torrebruna;
? Antonino, marquis of Trezzano and from which marquises of S. Alfano and Baroni of Rigilifi come down.

The family Lofaso or from Milan Faso is of origin and arrives in Sicily to work of Antonio, governor of Caltanissetta to the time of the emperor Federico II.
Between the others its members can be cited:
? Ludovico, castellano of Terms;
? Antonino, Abbot of S. canonical Anastasia and of the cathedral of Catania;
? Leonardo, subsequently first baron and duca of Serradifalco;
? Leonardo II, between the governors of the Company of the Peace of Palermo;
? Domenico, last duca of Serradifalco and prince of S. Peter.

The Lorefice family is of Neapolitan origin and arrives in Sicily to work of the siblings Sigismondo and Berengario.
Very soon the family transplants itself in several sicialian cities like Palermo, Modica, Sciacca and Trapani.
Between the greater representatives of this family she remembers herself, as an example, Geronimo, captain of arms to Modica.

The Lorenzo family or Of Lorenzo is of English origin and arrives in Sicily to the time of the King Ruggiero thanks to Silvestro.
Between its greater representatives who covered important charges in the island they have:
? Corrado, commander of the Famous fortress of and gentiluomo of room of the King Alfonso;
? Francisco, a prode guerriero, captain of arms to Terranova and Marsala;
? Giovanni, canonical of the Famous cathedral of and knight gerosolmitano chaplain.

The families Luna and Perollo have been always in contrast.
The noble family Moon boasts real blood goto and one relationship with the real house of Navarre.
It arrives in Sicily thanks to Artale Di Luna, consanguineo of the king Martino.
He innamoro of Pearly Daisy, promise to Giovanni Perollo, and the taken ones in moglie.
The expecting other if of it revenged and Artale died from li to little years poisoned.
Between the innumerevoli Lanza they are remembered, as an example:
? Antonio Moon, conte of Caltabellotta, been involved in "the Case of Sciacca" in 1450; Piero Perollo di Castellammare of the Gulf and the conte of Caltabellotta came to blows during the processione of the Saint week; the vicissitude is concluded bitterly when the conte of Caltabellotta it decides to be revenged of I face endured killing numerous exponents of the enemy family;
? Gian Vincenzo, conte of Sclafani, straricoto of Messina and vicere in 1516;
? Sigismondo, famous in order to have contributed to being born of the commotion of Sciacca in 1529, sad event famous best with the expression "II case of Sciacca"; Sigismondo De Moon, conte of Caltabellotta, massacred its enemy Giacomo Perollo Di Pandolfina, getlteman of Sciacca, with to its men; Sigismondo was blotted also of the insult of the corpse of its enemy and for the cruelty of its action it never did not obtain the forgiveness of the monarch Carl V;
? Peter, holder of numerous charges like that one of conte of Caltabellotta, straricoto of Messina and duca of Messina in 1554;
? Giovanni, son of the previous and last male representative of the family; after it it family extinguishes itself.
The noble Perollo family is of French origin and has a first contact with the island towards 1100 thanks to Giliberto.
Between the Perrollo more famous they can be cited:
? Guglielmo, master xecutioner of the reign from 1144 to 1151 and straricoto of Messina in 1154;
? Matteo, getlteman of Ciminna;
? Matteo II, holder of the lordship and the castle of Knows it, of the barony of Calomonaci and the Bridge;
? Caspar, baron of the Cassaro and the Bonfiglio;
? Gianbattista, founder of the gesuitico college of Sciacca;
? Domenico and Cosimo, knights gerosolmitani.

The Maltese family is one noble family of Castrogiovanni.
Between its greater representatives they are had:
? Remigio, castellano of Lentini;
? Paolino, holder of the Stafenda country house in the territory of Spaccaforno;
? Adrian, castellano of Castrogiovanni.
A secondary branch of this family through of the weddings was become related with the noble Grimaldi family.

The family Marquis is of Lombardic origin.
She subdivides herself in two coppers:
? the first one arrives in Sicily to the time of the king normanni to work of Riccardo - castellano of Taormina -;
? the second arrives to Naples thanks to Raul, brother of the previous one.
Between those who they had contacts with the Sicily are remembered:
? Saglimbene, getlteman of the Ladder to the end of 1300;
? Giovanni, bishop of Pacts to the end of 1400;
? Francisco, first prince of the Ladder in 1614.

The family Marino or De Marinis is of genovese origin and arrives in Sicily to the time of the emperor Federico II.
It subdivides itself in two coppers:
1) the first branch is transplanted to Palermo; between its greater representatives they are had:
- Guglielmo, holder of the baronial earth of Gualtieri, near Milazzo;
- Filippo, holder of the castle and the feudo of Gibellina, Musciano and Guastanella;
- Elisabetta, spouse of Domenico Grifeo prince of Partanna, city where it transferred the paternal assets;
2) according to branch it is transplanted to Messina; to cite, as an example, Filippo, holder of the feudi of Longarini and Burgillisi.

The Maurigi family is of Germanic origin and arrives in Sicily to the time of Federico II.
From some actions the same emperor derives that nomination Mark Aurelio Maurigi its general vicario for the reign of Sicily.
Between the representatives of such family whom they have contacts with the Sicily are remembered:
? Gian Federico, governor of Marsala to the beginning of 1400;
? Simone II, juror of Sciacca and captain xecutioner; because of its rebellion to the emperor Carl V, endures the seizure of its assets and the sentence to the perpetual imprisonment;
? Simone III, the first one to move itself to Palermo in 1670;
? Giovanni, more times senator than Palermo, conte of the empire and marquis.

The family Migliaccio or Migliazzo seems is of origin fiorentina.
Innumerevoli is its illustrious representatives, beginning from:
? Mariano, first marquis of Montemaggiore, getlteman of knows it of Partinico, pretore of Palermo and straricoto of Messina;
? Mariano II, first prince of Baucina, deputy of the reign and pretore of Palermo;
? Ignazio, captain of Palermo and general vicario of Catania;
? Giuseppe, archbishop of Messina;
? Lucia, pertaining to the branch of the duchi of Floridia, prince of Partanna and moglie of the king Ferdinand IV;
? Ignazio, pertaining to the branch of the Malvagna and prince of Malvagna, knight of the Saint Gennaro and meaning of Palermo.

The Modica family boasts illustrious representatives of the bore of:
? Paul I, first baron of Catalamiti;
? Paul II, first senator of Messina;
? Scipione Litterio, governor of the Companies of the White men and the Peace of Messina;
? between Giovanni, gerosolmitano knight and great priore of Messina.

The Mollica family is of messinese origin and it moves itself in other sicialian cities like Alcamo and Trapani.
He comprises an immense fan of illustrious representatives of the bore of:
? Domenico I, military regal;
? Domenico II, captain of Castroreale and ambassador;
? Gianbattista, captain of Salemi;
? Peter, R-he who transformed in barony one of its goes up some and from which personalities illusttri of the trapanese come down.

The Monaco family or Of the Monaco or Lomonaco is of French origin that is transplanted initially to Naples and from li in Sicily, just to Messina, Palermo and Trapani.
Between its members that had contacts with the Sicily they remember:
? Andrea, senator of Palermo at the beginning of 1400;
? the siblings Federico and Peter who settled down themselves to Bottoming drills.

The Montalto family is original of Naples and had varies contacts to you with the Sicily as an example thanks to:
? Riccardo, the first one to obtain the barony of Buccheri;
? Giordano, anch' he baron of Buccheri;
? Giovannuzzo, valoroso knight to the time of the king Federico III;
? Giovanni, straricoto of Messina.
Such family boasts other illustrious personalities of the gerosolmitani bore of knight, large siniscalchi of the reign and masters ration them of the mint.

The Montaperto family is of French origin and arrives in Sicily to work of Giammateo, commilito some of the king Ruggero.
Some Montaperto famous was:
? Bartolomeo, military engaged in the defense of Mazzara against the French and captain xecutioner of Palermo;
? Nicolo, archbishop of Palermo;
? Giovanni, holder of the state of Raffadali;
? Peter, deputy of the reign and pretore of Palermo;
? Nicolo Giuseppe, first prince of Raffadali, knight of S. Giacomo of the sword and pretore of Palermo.

The Naples family comes down from that one of the duchi of Martina Caracciolo.
The first one to arrive in Sicily was Nicolo that, like ricompensa for its servigi to Federico II, obtained the perpetual dominion of Troina.
Such family boasts illustrious personalities of the bore of deputies of the reign, vicari generates them, gerosolmitani knights and of military valorosi.
Between the others exponents of such family remember Girolamo II (knight of the Alcantara and first prince of Resuttano) and Federico (captain xecutioner, pretore, general vicario of Catania).

The Naselli family draws its origins gives of the barons lomgobardi and arrives in Sicily thanks to Pericone, holder of some isolani possedimenti like of the territories near Butera.
Between the greater exponents of such family they are remembered:
? Pericone II, baron of Comiso;
? Caspar II, first conte of Comiso;
? Baldassare, conte of Comiso and baron of Casalnuovo, pretore of Palermo, captain xecutioner of Catania;
? Baldassare II, general vicario of Girgenti and Licata, pretore of Palermo;
? Luigi III, marquis of Gibellina, conte of Comiso, holder of lands of Castellamare of the Gulf and the baronies of Casalnuovo and Gela.
Such branch is extinguished in the Burgio family, duchi of Villafiorita.
Other coppers of such family are Marquises di Flores who then are connected to the Trigona house, principles of S. Elia.

The family Born them, original of the Provenza, arrives to Messina to work of Giovanni.
The illustrious personalities of such family are remarkable, beginning from:
? Giovan Strong, first prince of Sperlinga;
? Giovanni II, first deputy dells messinese health;
? Francisco II, regal councilman of the committee of messinese commerce;
? Giovanni III, gerosolmitano knight and illustrious man of letters.
The family circulates in the branch of the Marquises Born them of Palermo and that one of Marquises di Camporotondo of Messina.

From Liguria the Oneto family is of origin and it transplants in Sicily thanks to Arnaldo, military to the time of Federico II and holder of some lands near Catania.
The family boasts important personalities of the bore of Raffaele whose descendants were Marquises di S. Nicolo, the Duchi di Sperlinga, the Principles of S. Bartolomeo and the Principles of S. Lorenzo.
Between the other charges covered from the exponents of such family haoon that one of governor of the mount of mercy, governor of the white men of Palermo and captain xecutioner.

The Ortolano family is of pisana origin and it is transplanted in Sicily in XIII the century, when some its exponents obtain numerous feudi and lands.
A branch of such family is represented from the present Barons of Bordonaro Soprano to Cefalu.
They are remembered, moreover:
? Emmanuele Ortolano of the barons of Paschal, lived to Palermo;
? Isabella Ortolano of the barons Paschal that left its assets to religious charities.

The family Palici, Palizzi or Palizzolo is of origin normanna.
Its exponents covered illustrious charges like that one of patrizio, captain xecutioner, member of the companies of the Saint Mount White men Giuliano, of the Peace of Palermo, the White men of Catania, gerosolmitano.
Between they they remember themselves:
? Lorenzo, living near the Saint Mount Giuliano and initiator of the Palizzi branch that in according to moment was called Palizzolo;
? Vinciguerra, getlteman of Cammarata;
? Lands Matteo, holder numerous as an example to Saponara and near Castrogiovanni;
? Antonio, canonical of the cathedral of Messina.

The Pape family is of origin fiamminga and arrives in Sicily, and just to Palermo, work of Ariberto at the beginning of 1100.
Giantommaso obtained privileges regal of the confirmation of the coat of arms gentilizio with the added one of the real Aquila.
The family subdivides itself in two distinguished coppers:
1) the duchi of Protoameneo; between they they were distinguished:
- Cristoforo II, knight of Saint Giacomo and knight of Saint Calogero;
- Luigi, marquis of the Ladder, duca and governor of the White men of Palermo;
- Giacinto, knight of the saint Gennaro and pretore of Palermo;
2) the duchi of Giampilieri, between which:
- Ugone, the first one to obtain such tito it and governing of the White men of Palermo;
- Ugone II, bishop of Mazzara.

The Paterno family arrives in Sicily to work of Roberto, military to the continuation of the Normanno Ruggiero and engaged in the fight against the saraceni.
From such Roberto illustrious personalities come down beginning from that had contacts with the Sicily,:
? Arrigo, pretore of Palermo;
? Giovanni, general vicario of Siracusa;
? Giovanni II, archbishop of Palermo and president of the reign.
The family subdivides itself in several coppers:
? the principles of Biscari, barons of the earth of the Imbaccari Sottani and Mirabella and also of other lands like those of S. Filippo of Ragusa and Ragona;
? duchi of Carcaci and the barons of Hut;
? the marquises of Saint Giuliano;
? the marquises of Raddusa;
? the principles of Manganelli and duchi of the Palace;
? the marquises of the From Tuscany one.

The family Pacts is declared of messinese origin and derives from Anfusio, a Greek knight and owner of the castle of Sterope, R-he who fought against the saraceni and was from they killed.
Between the greater representatives of such family they are remembered:
? Ansaldo, that it contributed to assiciurar to the Conte Ruggero the acquisition of the Sicily;
? Riccardo, straricoto of Messina;
? Luzio, one of the heads of the revolt of the vespro, holder of lands of Naro and Girgenti;
? Ansaldo II, one of the first barons whom the king Ludovico II served;
? Nicolo, previous son of and the titular one of lands of Ladder;
? Bartolomeo, more times senator than Messina.

Part 4
THE NOBLE FAMILIES SICIALIAN

Multiple they are the sicialian illustrious familie that have contributed to determine the development, the culture and the history of the Sicily.

The Ragusa family subdivides itself in two coppers:
1) the branch of Mazzara; numerous its members were swear to you;
2) the branch of Alcamo, in according to moment transplanted to Palermo; numerous its members occupied important charges in the magistracy.

The Raineri family previews several lineages between which it is necessary to remember that one of Conti and Marquises of Perugia from which that one comes down of Drink a toast themselves from which probably that one of Messina comes down.
Of this last stock they were distinguished:
Giovanni, doctor of King Federico who obtained as ricompensa for its servigi some feudi sicialian like that one of Bajona Public square;
Rainero, more times senator;
Giovanni Peter, captain to Messina.
The family moves itself to Castroreale.

The family Reggio or Riggio circulates itself in some Italian regions like the Tuscany, the Campania and the Sicily.
The first one to arrive in Sicily is Antonino.
Its son Peter was titular of the feudo of the Carmito and master rations them of real the patrimony.
Its eredi have distributed themselves between Messina, Randazzo and Palermo.
Between they they distinguished themselves:
Nicolo, holder of the earth and the castle of Francavilla;
Giuliano, captain of Palermo;
Stefano, captain of Palermo, master rations them, marquis of the Ginestra, first prince of Campofiorito and straricoto of Messina;
Luigi, from which two coppers leave:
- the first one begins with Stefano and is represented from illustrious personalities of the bore of knight of S. Calogero, knight of the toson of gold, ambassador and knight
gerosolmitano;
- according to branch it begins with Antonino Reggio and Saladino,
prince of the Chain; in it they are distinguished, between the others,
Andrea, founder of the vassallaggio earth
Catenanuova, Agatino, bishop of Cefalu and Augustin,
canonical of Palermo.

The Curly family, I make bristle, Riccioli arrives in Sicily to the time of Federico II of Aragon.
Between its greater exponents they are remembered:
Sergio, R-he who fortified the castle of Bottoming drills;
Tommaso, resident to Palermo, treasurer of the reign and senator;
Giovanni, resident to Messina and owner of vary assets to you like the barony of Comiso; from he they derive, between the other, the Barons of Ribino and S. Giacomo.

The Rizzari family is one of the most ancient noble families than Caltagirone - Ct -.
The illustrious personalities of such family are remarkable, to partiere give:
Giovanni, castellano of Pulls ahead;
Giovanni II, xecutioner of goes them of Enna;
Odone, castellano of Caltagirone;
Peter, ambassador of Catania;
Peter II from which the barons of Bidamo come down.

The Red family or Red is of origin normanna and blooms in Sicily. E' formed from varies illustrious peronaggi to you like:
Red, Conte di Sperlinga;
Red II, Conte di Aidone and of Sclafani and Barone, between the other, of Cerami, Calataiano, Motta Santanastasio, Militello, Saponara and Sperlinga;
Nicolo, holder of the castles of Naro, Favara, Saladino;
Guglielmo, baron of Militello, Cerami and Sirumi near Catania, from which the Principles of Cerami (present to Catania), the Principles of Militello (extinguished in the Gallego house derive) and the Barons of Sangiovanni (extinguished in Grimaldi house).

The Saccano family is properly sicialian and from the ancient origins.
Its members have covered loaded important like those with baron of Santostefano of the Briga, straricoto, bishop of Catania and gerosolmitani knights as fra Ottavio and fra Vincenzo.

The Sammartino family boasts illustrious personalities of the bore of:
Giovanni, general vicario of the Val di Noto;
Giovan Maria baron of Campobello and owner of varies to you tito them like that one of treasurer and general amminitratore of the S. Crociata for all the Sicily;
Antonio, pretore of Palermo and master ration them of the trib. of r. the patrimony.

The Santostefano family has two contacts distinguished with the Sicily:
1) the first one with Martino, to the service of the king Ludovico and holder of the state of Avola and the feudi of Falconeri, Mazzarone and Ginestra; such line is extinguished in the Reggio house;
2) the second, towards the end of 1500, with Diego, secretary of the court of the Sant' Uffizio of Palermo.

The family Seventh is of ancient pisane origins and arrives in Sicily at the beginning of 1400 to work of Antonio, R-he who acquired the barony of Tavi and the castle of Mazzara.
To such family Marquises di Giarratana and the Barons of Cammaratini belong.
Between its greater representatives they remember themselves:
Giannantonio, holder of the state of Giarratana;
Matteo, captain xecutioner to Palermo;
Ruggero II, prince of Hooks and pretore of Palermo.

The Spadafora family is of Greek origin and it is become related with of the barons normanni.
Some its exponents have had contacts with the Sicily, beginning from:
Corrado, castellano of the Salvatore of Messina; from it two distinguished coppers derive:
1) the first one is represented from the Principles of Maletto and Venetico,
nonche from Marquises di S. Martino, the Barons of Mazzara,
of the Cavalry, Pirago, Persinaci; it extinguishes itself in
Ascenso house;
2) the second is represented from the Principles of Spadafora,
Marquises of Policastrello and Carletto and Duchi di S. Peter;
Enrico, castellano of Castellammare of Palermo;
Federico, castellano and governor of Taormina and master ration them;
Federico II, master rations them of real the patrimony.

The Statella family is of French origin.
The sicialian distribution previews numerous illustrious personalities, like:
Francisco III, conte, large siniscalco of the reign and first marquis of Spaccaforno;
Antonio, holder of varies to you be, governing of the Company of the Peace and pretore of Palermo;
Francisco WAYS, Marquis of Spaccaforno, Prince of Villadorata and Sambuchi and baron of varies feudi like those of Hill Soprana and Sottana and S. Maria to you of the Focallo;
Francisco, Marquis of Spaccaforno and Prince of Cassaro.

The Tagliavia family has of the ancient origins sicialian.
She takes also the last name "of Aragon" from Francisco, baron of Castelvetrano.
Between its greater exponents they are remembered:
Carl, Marquis of Avola and Prince of Castelvetrano, first Duca di Terranova and Conte di Borgetto;
Carl II, knight of the Toson d' Oro and captain of the sicialian cavalry;
Diego, knight of S. Giacomo and straricoto of Messina.
The aforesaid branch is extinguished in the Pignatelli family.
An other branch is present to Sciacca and is rappresentatro from the Marquises of Saint Giacomo and the Duchi di Alagona.

The family Term is of Catalan origin and arrives in Sicily at the beginning of 1200 thanks to the siblings Giovanni and Olivero.
Giovanni possessed the castellania of Terms, the title it of xecutioner of Goes them of Girgenti.
Of such family they are remembered:
Oliverio, castellano of Palermo;
Giovanni, archbishop of Palermo;
Antonio, governor of the Regional Room of Siracusa;
Girolamo, bishop of Mazara and archbishop of Palermo;
Antonino, senator of Palermo and father of Bernardino IV and Girolamo, from which derive two distinguished coppers:
- the first one is represented from Bernardino, first prince of
Casteltermine; this branch collects varies tito them like that one of
conte of Isnello, prince of Baucina;
- the second comes from Girolamo and is composed from the duchi of
Vatticani.

The Tomasi family has origins roman, it is moved at first to Ancona and subsequently in Sicily; in these according to case thanks to Mario de Tomasi.
It was captain of arms to Licata and Barone di Palma.
Between its more famous exponents can be cited:
Giulio, baron of Montechiaro, first duca of Palm and first prince of Lampedusa;
Ferdinand, knight of Alcantara;
Ferdinand II, captain xecutioner and more times pretore than Palermo.

The Trigona family arrives in Sicily thanks to Ermanno, captain of the emperor Federico II, that it obtained castellania and the government of Mistretta as ricompensa for its servigi.
Such family has possessed varies to you feudi and tito them, beginning from that one of duca of Misterbianco and Catania, of Baron of Azzolino and Mandrascate of Public square, of Marquis of Canicarao di Noto, Baron of Cutumio and prince of S. Elia.
It boasts, moreover, the presence of varies illustrious personages to you of the bore of gerosolmitani and porporati knights.

The Valdina family arrives in Sicily thanks to Andrea, illustrious knight and vicario of the Val di Noto.
Its representatives have covered loaded important with the baron bore of Raccuja, marquis of the Rocca, pretore of Palermo and knight of the Alcantara.

The Valguarnera family derives gives of Conti of the Catalogna.
The family has two contacts distinguished with the Sicily:
1) the first passage is had towards the end of 1200 with Simone;
2) according to passage one has thanks to the siblings Simone and Vitale, noble Catalans.
From these last ones some illustrious men come down who distinguished themselves in Sicily:
Giovanni, straricoto of Messina, president of the reign and skillful condottiero;
Giovanni II, straricoto of Messina and conte of Asaro;
Francisco II, prince of Valguarnera and pretore of Palermo;
Francisco III, prince of Valguarnera and Gangi, marquis of Regiovanni and valoroso jail captain.
This branch of the family possessed the principato one of Gangi of Graffeo House, of Gravina and the two baronies of Bozzetta and Pasquasia of Grimaldi House and are extinguished in the family Allaita di Villafranca.
According to branch it is represented from duchi of Arenella and the principles of Niscemi, branch that can boast illustrious exponents of the bore of military, preTauruses and governatorei of the mount of Palermo.

The Vanni family is between the most ancient and noble pisane families and arrives in Sicily, and just to Palermo, work of Alexander at the beginning of 1500.
Here the family circulates itself creating the branch of the marquises of Roccabianca, of the principles of Saint Vincenzo, the marquises of saint Leonardo and the duchi of Archirafi.
Between the more illustrious exponents they are remembered:
Vincenzo Sigismondo, palermitano senator;
Francisco, bishop of Cefalu and knight of the Saint Gennaro.

The Vassallo family makes two different passages in Sicily, one with Baronio to Famous - Sr - to the time of Federico II, and a second with Nicolo to Palermo.
Just from this last one they come down of the illustrious personalities that they had of the contacts with the Sicily, like:
Peter, hereditary castellano of Mazzara;
Stefano, more times senator than Palermo;
Nicolo II, castellano of Capizzi and hereditary baron of some feudi present in the territory of Ragusa.

The Zacco family has of the ancient padovane origins and has a first contact with the Sicily to work of Stefano, councilman of the king Alfonso of Aragon.
The family circulates itself very soon in several cities isolates some like Palermo, Modica, Lentini and Siracusa.
Between its exponents have governors of the room regional, canonical, governing, military and representatives of the magistracy.

see: http://www.sicily-genealogy.com/

WE ARE MADE OF STAR STUFF
We are made of star stuff.

NASA: http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap960419.html

We are made of mostly carbon, nitrogen, calcium, oxygen, iron, and hydrogen. Proteins, and subsequently amino acids, are mostly made up of just four elements: carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen. In fact, 96.3% of your body is composed of these common elements.

see: http://anthro.palomar.edu/biobasis/bio_4.htm to find out more about proteins and what else we are made of...

There are many other elements, over 100 trillion atoms, and quarks that make us tick. Put them all together add some energy and you get some amino acids; but you are incredibly far away from making life or adding consciousness, even if you cook it all for over 3.5 billion years.

With every breath we take, we renew ourselves. Yet without food, and water; we would all soon die. I am not sure how much air we breath with every breath; but say for example it was a pint of air, and we exhale about the same. Everyone around shares what we exhale after the plants add some things to it, and it mixes with the air that has all the stuff of the earth, and the cosmos in it.

We share the stuff of those closest to us the most. Soon we begin to look, act, and talk like them. In fact, we are part of everyone who ever lived.

It only takes about a year to almost completely exchange our whole body for a new one. Although, our teeth might look the same, they are almost completely renewed every year, just like all the bones, and all the other stuff of our body.

James L. Forberg wrote about the Quantum Consciousness and Immortality of Our Dual Body.

"In order for you to begin to change your attitude about yourself and your place in the scheme of things, your body is really a good place to start. You have to recognize that we (our consciousness) are not native to this space-time dimension.

Your body is composed of quantum points, that take up no space in this universe. All of the leading physicists agree that quantum points are not things. These points collectively do outline or indicate the position of your consciousness, and the area of your control. The fields of the quantumstuff are phased (maximized) so that your form in the space-time dimension repels other material things, because the fields are different.

It might help to picture a thin rubber glove immersed in water. Your hand in the glove is the real you, your spirit or consciousness. The thin membrane of the glove can correspond to the quantum stuff that your body is composed of. The water it is immersed in is the space-time universe.

If you can visualize this you can see that your immortal self is separated from space-time by a thin layer of quantum material. The life force remains in the quantum dimensions, but is the director of your body. In our little visualization you can see that if the finger moves in the water (space-time), it is the hand in the glove (consciousness) that moves it.

I realize that we are thinking in a very simplified way, but it is necessary as a beginning for your change of attitude. Recognize that this membrane (the glove or quantum stuff) is throughout your body, not a simple thing like a sheet of rubber, but between each particle of quantum stuff and the space-time dimension.

When this glove (your body) begins to deteriorate, your consciousness pulls back slowly (in most cases) until the shell is left without any driving force. The deterioration of the physical body is caused by other forces that the consciousness is unable to overcome.

I'm sure you have heard many times when people speak of a dead body that it is only a shell, and that the soul has departed. That is a true statement if we are referring to chemical and electrical tests done on the body. The migration of the soul is a subject that is more difficult to prove. I believe, as do many that the consciousness lives on, perhaps to take on a new body at some time to experience new things in a different world.

The quantum particles we have been speaking of are points of a field of information. Maybe we could compare it to a field of radiation where the photons carry the information. At any rate these quantum points are the access tunnels to all of the intelligence of the cosmos. This includes every dimension outside of our own. Remember that intelligence isn't a physical thing and doesn't follow the rules of time and space.

When our consciousness makes a decision, even a little one, that decision is impressed on all of the quantum ports (our body), and the infinite possibilities of that other dimension are amplified by fazing the waves and are made real.

Physicists are experimentally aware that quantum stuff is moldable by our thought process. Nature is very stingy however, and will allow only one bit of information at a time to become reality. No matter how sophisticated the question (test) is, you will get only one answer of reality and everything else is hazy and indistinct.

The exclusion principal is the basis for the rule that says an electron, or any quantum entity will reveal an infinite range of possibility, but can be persuaded to reveal only one reality.

Since quantum stuff seems to react to consciousness, is it possible that the universe is constructed by consciousness? Are we constructs of a universal consciousness? Do we participate in this construction?

The question is open to you, but from my point of view we really do. Decisions I make effect others. If I decide to play golf on Saturday and the rest of the family wants to go to the mall, there will be a discussion, and then we will all go our own ways. Their reactions to this situation will effect still others. These actions and reactions modify our microcosm. The waves radiate outward shaping our present and influencing the future possibility.

If you believe the teachings of some of our religions, our planet is alone as a home for consciousness. The various religions like to emphasize that point. The idea of course is ridiculous as we become more aware of the probability of many other habitable planets. but that is how it stands right now. Since the planet itself has only been here for approximately 4.6 billion years, what sensate system organized the other ten or eleven billion years of universal expansion? Science has found that there is almost no room for changes in the progression of the universe or we would not be here to observe it. Since many in science have decided that matter does not exist unless it has been consciously produced, who or what did that?

One of the questions prompting this book was, are we immortal or are we not? I indicated that the particles of your physical body are indeed immortal, and have gone through many incarnations as particles. On various pages I have paraphrased many noted physicists. They state that once an electron, or any quantum has been in contact or proximity to another particle, they are forever in communication. This connection can span the universe. The quantum particles that constitute your body originated in the birth of the universe. The heavier particles were given birth at the center of some huge star that spit them out in a super nova explosion.

All of these quantum particles have an enormous history of contact with other particles. Each contact increased the effective range of the particles' communication. If we confine these possibilities to just our planet, we are still an extended part of a great deal of that planet. For instance the water of your body has been the same water in numberless places.

The same is true of all of the atoms of your body. If the science of the quantum is valid, our bodies (physical and non-physical) extend throughout earth and space.

Our self awareness is a consequence of the cohesiveness of the quantum stuff we are composed of. Remember that this quantum stuff appears solid, but is not. Your body is instead a field of waves. These waves of possibility exist not in time or space, but merely influence those dimensions. Your body and all matter seem solid because quantum points are exclusive. These entities tend to push away other points.

Dissolution of the physical body occurs in the presence of strong possibility waves whose phase runs counter to your present manifestation. This is a product of the interference mechanism we have talked about before.

Individuals who practice the art of acupuncture tell me that these points are centers of radiation. Small areas where our life force is at a maximum. The needles, or pressure (of accupressure) stimulate activity of the field and aid in healing by rebalancing the field of radiation.

Some equipment does exist that can analyze the fields of the body. The EEG and the magnetometer are two examples. These physical fields are the result of movement of electrons. Not only are their electrical changes, but a consequence of this is a magnetic flux.

If inspection of the body field were possible (it probably is) it would probably look chaotic. The acupuncture points we mentioned could be those points in the chaos that add together and peak. It is possible that an injury or illness disrupts the normal flow of the field and causes distress.

A conscious entity must have an integrated field of quantum forces in order to manifest as a physical body in space-time. Disruption of this carefully constructed field makes it increasingly difficult for our other dimensional entity to communicate in a physical sense.

Our physical body, and our non-physical body are one and the same. This statement isn't to be taken on faith but to be researched by scientists.

Physical scientists that are current with the investigation into quantum facts, all agree that matter is not what it seems. Its apparent solidity is a function of wave phase and amplitude. The phasings and resulting amplitude seem to be the result of conscious shaping. The process of thought forms a matrix of waves that constitute our physical body.

I am not bypassing the chemical processes of the genes and elements. Keep in mind that these things are all quantum stuff, and are under the influence of long lines of predecessors as well as the pressures of conscious manipulation."

see: Quantum Consciousness and Your Immortality

Stem Cell Research
Cell Image

Stem cells are primitive cells that give rise to other types of cells. Also called progenitor cells, there are several kinds of stem cells. Totipotent cells are considered the "master" cells of the body because they contain all the genetic information needed to create all the cells of the body plus the placenta, which nourishes the human embryo.

Human cells have this capacity only during the first few divisions of a fertilized egg. After 3 - 4 divisions of totipotent cells, there follows a series of stages in which the cells become increasingly specialized. The next stage of division results in pluripotent cells, which are highly versatile and can give rise to any cell type except the cells of the placenta.

At the next stage, cells become multipotent, meaning they can give rise to several other cell types, but those types are limited in number. An example of multipotent cells is hematopoietic cells--blood stem cells that can develop into several types of blood cells, but cannot develop into brain cells. At the end of the long chain of cell divisions that make up the embryo are "terminally differentiated" cells--cells that are considered to be permanently committed to a specific function.

Scientists have long held the opinion that differentiated cells cannot be altered or caused to behave in any way other than the way in which they have been naturally committed. New research, however, has even called that assumption into question. In recent stem cell experiments, scientists have been able to persuade blood stem cells to behave like neurons, or brain cells. Scientists now believe that stem cell research could reveal far more vital information about our bodies than was previously known.

In addition, it was recently discovered that some stem cells also occur in the bodies of adults, rather than exclusively in embryos. Many kinds of multipotent stem cells have been discovered in adults, and scientists believe that many more will be discovered. Research is now being conducted on both adult and embryonic stem cells to determine the characteristics and potential of both to cure disease.

http://www.stemcellresearchfoundation.org/About/FAQ.htm

Archimedes' Method Return 1998

The Method

The most extraordinary discovery gained through the Palimpsest is the Method - because this is the most amazing treatise of all the amazing works of Archimedes. It will not be an exaggeration to say that, even now, more than ninety years after its original discovery, scholars and mathematicians still can not quite explain what Archimedes did in the Method - or how he managed to make it such a mathematical success.

There are two main features to the Method, each of which, on its own, is an astonishing breakthrough.

Archimedes combines in this work pure mathematics and physical considerations. By putting segments of geometrical objects on a balance, Archimedes manages to measure the area and volume of the geometrical objects. In other words, geometrical discoveries are made by a physical thought-experiment.

Archimedes is able to perform infinite sums: he takes a sphere, for instance, and calculates its volume as the infinite sum of the circles from which it is made. But how can you add up infinitely many objects, and still come up with a finite sum? This was Archimedes' breakthrough, comparable to the modern integral calculus.

Both breakthroughs are essential features of modern science. Modern science is based on the discovery that mathematics and physics go hand in hand; and its prime tool is the differential and integral calculus, dealing with infinite sums and divisions. The Method can be truly said to have been two thousand years ahead of its time.

Comments by DR. DEVIEL NETZ

Urantia: The Great Cult Mystery by Martin Gardner
One of America's most acclaimed science writers has compiled the first complete history of a modern religious cult.

Gardner traces the cult's beginnings back to its "bible" The Urantia Book, a book supposedly revealed solely by celestial beings to correct the flaws in the traditional Bible. Published in 1955 under the direction of cult leader Dr. William Sadler, the Urantia Book is the largest work ever said to have been channelled by super beings through human contactees. It differs from earlier channelled "bibles" in that it contains a vast amount of modern science as well as a detailed biography of Jesus Christ, complete with facts not found in the gospels. As a result, many scientists and scholars are dedicated Urantians. In addition to discussing the beliefs of the Urantia cult, Gardner reveals two major developments that threaten to splinter the movement. He outlines how hundreds of Urantians now believe that they, too, are receiving their own messages from the celestials who are preparing Urantia (the cult's name for Earth) for a new revelation intended to usher in a utopia of "light and life," thus jeopardizing the authority of the Urantia Book. Gardner also addresses the extent to which Seventh-Day Adventist beliefs have penetrated the Urantia movement. He analyzes the flaws in Urantian science and discusses allegations of plagiarism on the part of the authors of The Urantia Book.

Gardner's skill and insight will reveal how modern cults arise and the extent to which believers develop a mind-set that becomes impossible to alter regardless of how strong the evidence is against those beliefs.

Martin Gardner (Hendersonville, NC), a founding Fellow of the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP), was the author of the "Mathematical Games" column in Scientific American for many years. Among his many books are The Flight of Peter Fromm, The Healing Revelation's of Mary Baker Eddy, Science: Good, Bad, and Bogus, The New Age: Notes of a Fringe Watcher, and On the Wild Side.

445 Pages Publication date 21st September, 1995

ISBN 0-87975-955-0

The Urantia Cult

The Urantia Book: The Reality Of God
P23:4, 1:2.1 God is primal reality in the spirit world; God is the source of truth in the mind spheres; God overshadows all throughout the material realms. To all created intelligences God is a personality, and to the universe of universes he is the First Source and Center of eternal reality. God is neither manlike nor machinelike. The First Father is universal spirit, eternal truth, infinite reality, and father personality.


P23:5, 1:2.2 The eternal God is infinitely more than reality idealized or the universe personalized. God is not simply the supreme desire of man, the mortal quest objectified. Neither is God merely a concept, the power-potential of righteousness. The Universal Father is not a synonym for nature, neither is he natural law personified. God is a transcendent reality, not merely man's traditional concept of supreme values. God is not a psychological focalization of spiritual meanings, neither is he "the noblest work of man." God may be any or all of these concepts in the minds of men, but he is more. He is a saving person and a loving Father to all who enjoy spiritual peace on earth, and who crave to experience personality survival in death.


P24:1, 1:2.3 The actuality of the existence of God is demonstrated in human experience by the indwelling of the divine presence, the spirit Monitor sent from Paradise to live in the mortal mind of man and there to assist in evolving the immortal soul of eternal survival. The presence of this divine Adjuster in the human mind is disclosed by three experiential phenomena:

The intellectual capacity for knowing God -- God-consciousness.
The spiritual urge to find God -- God-seeking.
The personality craving to be like God -- the wholehearted desire to do the Father's will.

P24:5, 1:2.4 The existence of God can never be proved by scientific experiment or by the pure reason of logical deduction. God can be realized only in the realms of human experience; nevertheless, the true concept of the reality of God is reasonable to logic, plausible to philosophy, essential to religion, and indispensable to any hope of personality survival.

P24:6, 1:2.5 Those who know God have experienced the fact of his presence; such God-knowing mortals hold in their personal experience the only positive proof of the existence of the living God which one human being can offer to another. The existence of God is utterly beyond all possibility of demonstration except for the contact between the God-consciousness of the human mind and the God-presence of the Thought Adjuster that indwells the mortal intellect and is bestowed upon man as the free gift of the Universal Father.

P24:7, 1:2.6 In theory you may think of God as the Creator, and he is the personal creator of Paradise and the central universe of perfection, but the universes of time and space are all created and organized by the Paradise corps of the Creator Sons. The Universal Father is not the personal creator of the local universe of Nebadon; the universe in which you live is the creation of his Son Michael. Though the Father does not personally create the evolutionary universes, he does control them in many of their universal relationships and in certain of their manifestations of physical, mindal, and spiritual energies. God the Father is the personal creator of the Paradise universe and, in association with the Eternal Son, the creator of all other personal universe Creators.


P24:8, 1:2.7 As a physical controller in the material universe of universes, the First Source and Center functions in the patterns of the eternal Isle of Paradise, and through this absolute gravity center the eternal God exercises cosmic overcontrol of the physical level equally in the central universe and throughout the universe of universes. As mind, God functions in the Deity of the Infinite Spirit; as spirit, God is manifest in the person of the Eternal Son and in the persons of the divine children of the Eternal Son. This interrelation of the First Source and Center with the co-ordinate Persons and Absolutes of Paradise does not in the least preclude the direct personal action of the Universal Father throughout all creation and on all levels thereof. Through the presence of his fragmentized spirit the Creator Father maintains immediate contact with his creature children and his created universes.

The Central and Superuniverses

The Urantia Book Index

What is Urantia?
A Small Urantia Page

Although material part is dominating in our everyday life, one shouldn't forget the mental side of it. Most of us have had questions like "Who am I?", "What am I doing on this planet?", "What is my mission in this life?", etc. While searching "truth" about us on this planet, I have found several interesting sources that cover pretty well questions like these and the most overhelming one is The Urantia Papers.

What is Urantia? Urantia is the name of our planet. And The Urantia Papers contains information about the history of Urantia, it's inhabitants, it's creators, and everything that is in any way connected to it. Interesting? You can find answers to many questions that have been unanswered for a long time by looking at places pointed out below.

Blueberries Trigger Neurons That Keep the Brain Sharp
2004 September 06


By BOB CONDOR Columnist
AT HIS OFFICE in Boston, nutrition researcher James Joseph is known as an early bird. He arrives "at the crack of dawn," said one co-worker, fresh from a bus ride during which he regularly chats with other passengers. His friendly nature no doubt cuts through the sleepiness of other early commuters.

A popular topic on the bus is the presidential race featuring home state Massachusetts Sen. John Kerry. To be an early riser, Joseph gets to bed sooner than most people, even when tempted by, say, last week's Republican convention.

"I tape the main speakers, then watch them the next day," said Joseph, who works at the U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition and Research Center on Aging at Tufts University.

Like most of us, Joseph doesn't feel confident predicting whether Kerry or President Bush will win in November. He is much keener to discuss the future of nutrition.

"It's all about neuron signals in the brain," said Joseph, who first broke into national consciousness with a 1997 study on the powerful antioxidant effects of blueberries and later co-wrote an insightful book, "The Color Code: A Revolutionary Eating Plan for Optimum Health" (Hyperion), which a must item for the health bookshelf.

"Cancer researchers have caught on to it by connecting the flavonoids in fruits and vegetables turning on signals. For them, it translates to killing cancer cells. We're taking the neuron signals concept and bringing it into the aging world."

Joseph joked that "old neurons are like old married couples - they don't talk to one another very well anymore."

Enter the humble and, uh, suddenly sexy blueberry to liven things up.

"What blueberries do is what simply can be called strengthening the brain by taking advantages of the brain's tremendous redundancy," said Joseph. "Blueberries have compounds that boost neuron signals and help turn back on systems in the brain that can lead to using other proteins to help with memory or other cognitive skills."

In contrast, people with Alzheimer's disease have weaker neuron signals. They take drugs to knock out an enzyme that destroys memory capacity, but the "machinery" that produces a substance necessary for strong neuron signaling is "not there anymore," said Joseph.

Eating blueberries and a diet rich in deep pigment from fruits and vegetables can preserve the brain machinery and boost the potency of neuron signals.

Joseph and USDA colleagues have connected blueberry consumption in rats and mice to fewer incidences of Alzheimer's disease and inflammation associated with arthritis. That's two for two among the most prevalent aging-related illnesses. One colleague has linked strawberries to specific cognitive tasks, while blueberries address other memory capabilities. For his part, Joseph said, in lab work, he is finding that purple grape juice acts just as effectively as blueberries.

Another exciting development from the Tufts lab: Consuming strawberries and blueberries before receiving radiation helped rats suffer fewer adverse effects. Radiation has been shown to accelerate aging.

"It might be that eating blueberries or other berries in the months before radiation therapy can cut back on cognitive and motor deficits (caused by the therapy) and maybe means no more nausea for patients," said Joseph, who added that more studies are in progress.

In late August, another USDA researcher and chemist based at the University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, Agnes Rimando, released a study showing that blueberries work better than a common cholesterol-lowering drug with fewer side effects (such as muscle pain and nausea).

Rimando isolated the blueberry substance pterostilbene as the lipid buster. It is similar to resveratrol, the compound in grapes and red wine that protects against high cholesterol and has been projected as a memory booster. A glass of red wine per day is widely agreed to be a health enhancer.

Rimando is cautious about her findings based on rat liver analysis.

"I can't say how many blueberries a person needs to eat to have a positive effect on their cholesterol," she said.

Joseph's book persuaded the federal government to modify its recommendation to eat five servings of fruits and vegetables a day. Now the campaign calls for "five a day the color way."

Joseph said the message would be greatly improved if it were 10 per day. The goal is not so unattainable if you consider that the typical serving size is a half-cup. Doubling each serving to one cup of a fresh fruit or vegetable is easy enough and delicious as a bonus.

"One of the sad parts of the Atkins diet is that it has closed down the orange industry in this country," said Joseph. "People are too concerned about the carbs. Drinking orange juice and other fruit juices is a healthy thing to do."

Some thoughts on juice: Nutrition scientists have clearly found that too much juice for any of us, especially children, can contribute to weight gain. Six to 10 ounces of pure juice each day is the best route. Stick to juices that are 100 percent fruit, with no sugar or fructose syrup added.

If you are curious, yes, blueberry juice now is available at most supermarkets, along with natural grape juices and other pigment- rich juices. Blueberry juice is wildly popular in Japan and is catching on here in the U.S. Pomegranate juice is another option, though be careful to get the real stuff and then mix it with a sweeter juice (orange or grape) or water to please your taste buds.

For his part, Joseph makes a daily smoothie part of his early- morning wakeup routine, always throwing in one or two handfuls of blueberries. Frozen blueberries, a year-round staple, can reduce the need for ice in your blender. Adding a protein source (yogurt, milk, soy milk, nuts, powder) and flax oil (or seeds pulverized in your coffee bean grinder) makes a complete meal in your cup.

"In the end, it comes down to what you eat or drink," said Joseph, who started his health research path when he discovered he had high blood pressure that disqualified him from the armed services, even though he applied for officers' training school. "That's what's most important." Bob Condor writes every Monday about health and quality of life. He is editor of the Seattle-based Evergreen Monthly, which covers health, environment, food, social good, spirituality and personal growth (visit www.evergreenmonthly.com)

About My Blog by Phil Cutrara
Topic: About My Blog: View 10x7
My Blog, which is short for Web Log is a text based Web Site that has various Holistic aspects of reality that includes the person and all that one can be! It highlights these areas of life so that we all can become better and more like our Lord who prayed that we all may be one like the Father and the Son are one with the Holy Spirit.

When we look at our self we can discover many aspects of the body/mind and soul that is also part of creation that also has a body/mind and soul under other names like matter/consciousness and energy or faith/hope and charity all part of the design of God who created everything out of nothing.

ALICE'S ADVENTURES IN WONDERLAND
Mood:  special
Topic: Mental Aspects

ALICE'S ADVENTURES IN WONDERLAND
by Lewis Carroll
THE MILLENNIUM FULCRUM EDITION 2.7a
(C)1991 Duncan Research

Chapter I
Down the Rabbit Hole

Link Back to the Alice in Wonderland Directory

Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank, and of having nothing to do: once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading, but it had no pictures or conversations in it, `and what is the use of a book,' thought Alice `without pictures or conversation?'

So she was considering in her own mind (as well as she could, for the hot day made her feel very sleepy and stupid), whether the pleasure of making a daisy-chain would be worth the trouble of getting up and picking the daisies, when suddenly a White Rabbit with pink eyes ran close by her.

There was nothing so VERY remarkable in that; nor did Alice think it so VERY much out of the way to hear the Rabbit say to itself, `Oh dear! Oh dear! I shall be late!' (when she thought it over afterwards, it occurred to her that she ought to have wondered at this, but at the time it all seemed quite natural); but when the Rabbit actually TOOK A WATCH OUT OF ITS WAISTCOAT- POCKET, and looked at it, and then hurried on, Alice started to her feet, for it flashed across her mind that she had never before see a rabbit with either a waistcoat-pocket, or a watch to take out of it, and burning with curiosity, she ran across the field after it, and fortunately was just in time to see it pop down a large rabbit-hole under the hedge.

In another moment down went Alice after it, never once considering how in the world she was to get out again.

The rabbit-hole went straight on like a tunnel for some way, and then dipped suddenly down, so suddenly that Alice had not a moment to think about stopping herself before she found herself falling down a very deep well.

Either the well was very deep, or she fell very slowly, for she had plenty of time as she went down to look about her and to wonder what was going to happen next. First, she tried to look down and make out what she was coming to, but it was too dark to see anything; then she looked at the sides of the well, and noticed that they were filled with cupboards and book-shelves; here and there she saw maps and pictures hung upon pegs. She took down a jar from one of the shelves as she passed; it was labelled `ORANGE MARMALADE', but to her great disappointment it way empty: she did not like to drop the jar for fear of killing somebody, so managed to put it into one of the cupboards as she fell past it.

`Well!' thought Alice to herself, `after such a fall as this, I shall think nothing of tumbling down stairs! How brave they'll all think me at home! Why, I wouldn't say anything about it, even if I fell off the top of the house!' (Which was very likely true.)

Down, down, down. Would the fall NEVER come to an end! `I wonder how many miles I've fallen by this time?' she said aloud. `I must be getting somewhere near the centre of the earth. Let me see: that would be four thousand miles down, I think--' (for, you see, Alice had learnt several things of this sort in her lessons in the schoolroom, and though this was not a VERY good opportunity for showing off her knowledge, as there was no one to listen to her, still it was good practice to say it over) `--yes, that's about the right distance--but then I wonder what Latitude or Longitude I've got to?' (Alice had no idea what Latitude was, or Longitude either, but thought they were nice grand words to say.)

Presently she began again. `I wonder if I shall fall right THROUGH the earth! How funny it'll seem to come out among the people that walk with their heads downward! The Antipathies, I think--' (she was rather glad there WAS no one listening, this time, as it didn't sound at all the right word) `--but I shall have to ask them what the name of the country is, you know. Please, Ma'am, is this New Zealand or Australia?' (and she tried to curtsey as she spoke--fancy CURTSEYING as you're falling through the air! Do you think you could manage it?) `And what an ignorant little girl she'll think me for asking! No, it'll never do to ask: perhaps I shall see it written up somewhere.'

Down, down, down. There was nothing else to do, so Alice soon began talking again. Dinah'll miss me very much to-night, I should think!' (Dinah was the cat.) `I hope they'll remember her saucer of milk at tea-time. Dinah my dear! I wish you were down here with me! There are no mice in the air, I'm afraid, but you might catch a bat, and that's very like a mouse, you know. But do cats eat bats, I wonder?' And here Alice began to get rather sleepy, and went on saying to herself, in a dreamy sort of way, `Do cats eat bats? Do cats eat bats?' and sometimes, `Do bats eat cats?' for, you see, as she couldn't answer either question, it didn't much matter which way she put it. She felt that she was dozing off, and had just begun to dream that she was walking hand in hand with Dinah, and saying to her very earnestly, `Now, Dinah, tell me the truth: did you ever eat a bat?' when suddenly, thump! thump! down she came upon a heap of sticks and dry leaves, and the fall was over.

Alice was not a bit hurt, and she jumped up on to her feet in a moment: she looked up, but it was all dark overhead; before her was another long passage, and the White Rabbit was still in sight, hurrying down it. There was not a moment to be lost: away went Alice like the wind, and was just in time to hear it say, as it turned a corner, `Oh my ears and whiskers, how late it's getting!' She was close behind it when she turned to corner, but the Rabbit was no longer to be seen: she found herself in a long, low hall, which was lit up by a row of lamps hanging from the roof.

There were doors all round the hall, but they were all locked; and when Alice had been all the way down one side and up the other, trying every door, she walked sadly down the middle, wondering how she was ever to get out again.

Suddenly she came upon a little three-legged table, all made of solid glass; there was nothing on it except a tiny golden key, and Alice's first thought was that it might belong to one of the doors of the hall; but, alas! either the locks were too large, or the key was too small, but at any rate it would not open any of them. However, on the second time round, she came upon a low curtain she had not noticed before, and behind it was a little door about fifteen inches high: she tried the little golden key in the lock, and to her great delight it fitted!

Alice opened the door and found that it led into a small passage, not much larger than a rat-hole: she knelt down and looked along the passage into the loveliest garden you ever saw. How she longed to get out of that dark hall, and wander about among those beds of bright flowers and those cool fountains, but she could not even get her head though the doorway; `and even if my head would go through,' thought poor Alice, `it would be of very little use without my shoulders. Oh, how I wish I could shut up like a telescope! I think I could, if I only know how to begin.' For, you see, so many out-of-the-way things had happened lately, that Alice had begun to think that very few things indeed were really impossible.

There seemed to be no use in waiting by the little door, so she went back to the table, half hoping she might find another key on it, or at any rate a book of rules for shutting people up like telescopes: this time she found a little bottle on it, (`which certainly was not here before,' said Alice,) and round the neck of the bottle was a paper label, with the words `DRINK ME' beautifully printed on it in large letters.

It was all very well to say `Drink me,' but the wise little Alice was not going to do THAT in a hurry. `No, I'll look first,' she said, `and see whether it's marked "poison" or not'; for she had read several nice little histories about children who had got burnt, and eaten up by wild beasts and other unpleasant things, all because they WOULD not remember the simple rules their friends had taught them: such as, that a red-hot poker will burn you if your hold it too long; and that if you cut your finger VERY deeply with a knife, it usually bleeds; and she had never forgotten that, if you drink much from a bottle marked `poison,' it is almost certain to disagree with you, sooner or later.

However, this bottle was NOT marked `poison,' so Alice ventured to taste it, and finding it very nice, (it had, in fact, a sort of mixed flavour of cherry-tart, custard, pine-apple, roast turkey, toffee, and hot buttered toast,) she very soon finished it off.

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`What a curious feeling!' said Alice; `I must be shutting up like a telescope.'
And so it was indeed: she was now only ten inches high, and her face brightened up at the thought that she was now the right size for going though the little door into that lovely garden. First, however, she waited for a few minutes to see if she was going to shrink any further: she felt a little nervous about this; `for it might end, you know,' said Alice to herself, `in my going out altogether, like a candle. I wonder what I should be like then?' And she tried to fancy what the flame of a candle is like after the candle is blown out, for she could not remember ever having seen such a thing.

After a while, finding that nothing more happened, she decided on going into the garden at once; but, alas for poor Alice! when she got to the door, she found he had forgotten the little golden key, and when she went back to the table for it, she found she could not possibly reach it: she could see it quite plainly through the glass, and she tried her best to climb up one of the legs of the table, but it was too slippery; and when she had tired herself out with trying, the poor little thing sat down and cried.

`Come, there's no use in crying like that!' said Alice to herself, rather sharply; `I advise you to leave off this minute!' She generally gave herself very good advice, (though she very seldom followed it), and sometimes she scolded herself so severely as to bring tears into her eyes; and once she remembered trying to box her own ears for having cheated herself in a game of croquet she was playing against herself, for this curious child was very fond of pretending to be two people. `But it's no use now,' thought poor Alice, `to pretend to be two people! Why, there's hardly enough of me left to make ONE respectable person!'

Soon her eye fell on a little glass box that was lying under the table: she opened it, and found in it a very small cake, on which the words `EAT ME' were beautifully marked in currants. `Well, I'll eat it,' said Alice, `and if it makes me grow larger, I can reach the key; and if it makes me grow smaller, I can creep under the door; so either way I'll get into the garden, and I don't care which happens!'

She ate a little bit, and said anxiously to herself, `Which way? Which way?', holding her hand on the top of her head to feel which way it was growing, and she was quite surprised to find that she remained the same size: to be sure, this generally happens when one eats cake, but Alice had got so much into the way of expecting nothing but out-of-the-way things to happen, that it seemed quite dull and stupid for life to go on in the common way.

So she set to work, and very soon finished off the cake.

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Link to Chapter II: The Pool of Tears